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編輯：李娜
周五好
歡迎大家再一次來到Paperweek
臨近期末，祝大家考神附體，超常發揮
今日份的小知識，我們來看看道歉的方式，說到道歉，不要只會說Sorry,如果真的不小心做錯事，那Sorry真的很沒誠意，列舉不同場合下的英文道歉表達，快學起來！
1, I’m not trying to be mean.我不是故意刻薄
I’m not trying to be mean, let me treat you to a meal.
我不是故意刻薄，為了彌補過失，我請你吃頓飯。
2, I hope it’s not too late to say sorry.希望現在道歉還來得及
I hope it’s not too late to say sorry, I blew up at you.
我對你發脾氣了，希望現在道歉還不算晚。
3, I didn’t mean it that way.不是我的本意
If I said anything wrong,I didn’t mean it that way.
如果我說錯了什麼，那不是我的本意。
4, It’s all my fault.都是我的錯
It’s all my fault. Don’t be angry any more, or you will get wrinkles.
都是我的錯，不要生氣啦，再氣就長皺紋了。
今日份插圖——龍貓系列
本周繼續聽力場景分析之考古學
依舊來自
青島智美教學總監
五星級研究員
Sherry老師
新托福聽力場景分析之考古學
朗閣海外考試研究中心 張萌
前兩個星期我們一起探討了商業和藝術場景，今天我們繼續來看場景分析，考古學話題本身就不為廣大考生熟悉,很多考生對這一話題非常畏懼.實際上只要提前適應難度,掌握好詞匯,還是可以輕鬆攻克的.下面我們共同討論一下考古話題的應對方式.
一概述
考古話題往往和其他分支學科產生聯繫.具體可以從以下幾個方面來考察:
·歷史年代，如不同地理地質時期的化石,遺跡等.
·人類學，如某個歷史階段人類生活工具和遺址的發掘,故而推測出當時人們的生活狀態.
·藝術類，例如古代壁畫,陶瓷的發現及其藝術價值.
·其他話題，商業容易和其他學科產生交叉,如古生物學和文化等.
所謂話題的交叉性,前幾講中我們也講過,但在考古學中這一特點得到了升華.考古學很難獨立成段子,一般會涉及其他方面,在這里考生應該多積累歷史,地質,人文方面的知識.推薦BBC的documentary,生動且令人印象深刻.
二案例分析
下面是一個考古學的經典案例:
E.G.TPO 30Lecture 2(Paleontology)
聽力原文:
1) And as for popular attitudestowards dinosaurs…well, take the Oviraptor for instance…In the 1920s, a paleontologist discovered the fossil remains of a small dinosaur near a nest containing eggs. He assumed the dinosaur was stealing the eggs, so he named it Oviraptor that means egg thief in Latin, which fueled the generally negative public image of such dinosaurs…Butby the 1990s, other experts had convincingly made the case that instead of robbing the nest; the Oviraptor was probably taking care of the eggs.You see, dinosaurs’ closest living relatives – birds and crocodiles – display nesting behavior. And dinosaur fossils have been found in postures that we now believe to indicate brooding behavior, that is, sitting on the eggs until they hatch.
Q: What is the professor’s attitude toward the name “Obiraptor” ?
Click on 2 answers.
A. It accurately represents the behavior of the dinosaur
B. It resulted from an incorrect translation of the original Latin term
C. It was based on a misunderstanding of the fossil evidence
D. It influenced popular attitudes toward dinosaurs
分析:
這里提到了attitude一詞,說明考到了語氣態度這個考點.在讀題目之前我們並不知道是否會有態度題的出現,但是以上聽力內容中出現了全文重要概念-obiraptor的描述與評價.在聽的過程中我們要學會預判考點：作者花這麼長的時間評價這一概念,一定會出現細節題.果然,此處出現雙選題.文中還是出現了attitude一詞,劃線部分說明obirator一詞讓這種恐龍給大眾帶來負面的印象,所以選D.這里雖然出現Latin一詞,但與B意思不同,注意不要掉入陷阱.更重要的是下文出現轉折關係,澄清了這種恐龍是為了offer care而非偷蛋.因此C正確.朗閣海外考試研究專家還要提醒考生,在理解句意的同時要學會抓關鍵詞.obirator是全文的關鍵詞,因此此詞聚集出現的地方一定是考點.
注意：抽象詞的出現會影響理解.fuel作為名詞是」燃料」,而做動詞的意思是 」提供燃料」,引申為」給…提供推動力,刺激」.可以聯想到trigger, spark, breed, drive等詞,後面表示導致的後果.
2)No, there’s more. They alsoexamined the fossilized bones of those three types of dinosaurs that were found on or near nests to determine their sex. You see, adult female birds during egg production produce a layer of spongy bone tissue inside certain long bones. And so did female dinosaurs of the kinds that were investigated. This spongy tissue serves as a source of calcium for eggshell formation. But when the dinosaur fossils were examined, there were no spongy bone deposits.
Q: What is the function of the spongy tissue in the bones of a female bird?
A. In makes the bird more comfortable while sitting on her eggs for long periods of time.
B. In enables female birds to lay more eggs.
C. It strengthens the bird’s bones just before she lays her eggs.
D. It serves as a source of calcium for eggshells.
分析:
並列連接詞also告訴我們後面還會有關鍵內容出現.直到下文出現重要概念spongy tissue,與其相關內容有eggshell formation.所以這種物質的分泌是與蛋殼鈣質的形成有關,因此選D.此題難點在於語速快,加之上文難句長句多,考點密集,容易忽略,但如果一旦捕捉到關鍵詞,就很容易選對.
三 考點追蹤
通過古生物學這個例子,我們可以看出考古學的聽力段子話題具有以下特點:
·注意並列和轉折關係.這是總規律和考點所在.
·抽象詞的快速理解.建議每做完一篇lecture就總結一下這類詞匯.
·提前預判考點.關鍵詞和螢幕上的詞密集處往往會出細節題.態度題要好好把握.
有關考古題話題,靈活性大,內容交叉性強,應當引起考生的重視.詞匯的積累也不容忽視.朗閣海外考試研究專家提醒廣大考生注意關注最新考試動態,獲悉考試熱點話題,具體可參照朗閣海外考試官方網站的考題回顧,輔之復習與預測.
往期回顧：
Paper Week | 新托福聽力場景分析之藝術——Sherry
Paper Week | 新托福聽力場景分析之商業——Sherry
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Paper Week | 托福聽力對話「提建議型」結構——Maggie
paper week | 破解新SAT語法之現在分詞——Coco
Paper Week | 托福寫作三選一類題目的解題秘籍（下）—Yeejoy
Paper Week | 托福寫作三選一類題目的解題秘籍(上) —Yeejoy
