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最近的預印本雜誌bioRxiv發表了德國波恩大學,夏裡特大學,德國馬克斯·普朗克精神病研究所等單位聯合研究成果,闡述了SARS-CoV-2病毒可以抑制自噬。亞精胺,MK-2206,氯硝柳胺等作用於自噬的小分子化合物,可以作為抗病毒潛在治療藥物。
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-controlled autophagy reveals spermidine, MK-2206, and niclosamide as putative antiviral therapeutics(bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.997254)
–研究摘要-–
嚴重急性呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)對公共衛生和世界經濟構成嚴重威脅,至今沒有批準的特效藥物或疫苗。代謝依賴的細胞門路的藥理學調節,如自噬,減少了傳播高致病性中東呼吸綜合征(MERS)-CoV。(該單位之前研究,SKP2 Attenuates Autophagy Through Beclin1-ubiquitination and Its Inhibition Reduces MERS-Coronavirus Infection, Nat Commun, 10 (1), 5770 2019 Dec 18.)
本研究,作者發現SARS-CoV-2感染通過干擾多種代謝門路來限制自噬。體外靶向自噬誘導的化合物可以減少SARS-CoV-2在體外的釋放。對自噬信號和代謝組學的深入分析表明,SARS-CoV-2通過限制AMP-蛋白激活激酶(AMPK)和mTORC1的激活,來減少糖酵解和蛋白質翻譯。感染還下調了自噬誘導的亞精胺,並促進AKT1/SKP2依賴門路自噬啟動蛋白Beclin-1(BECN1)降解。外源性給藥亞精胺、AKT抑制劑MK-2206和穩定Beclin-1、抗螺旋肽藥物氯硝柳胺分別抑制SARS-33CoV-2的釋放達到85%、88%和99%。可以作為潛在的抗SARS-CoV-2的藥物。
–Wes全自動定量Western Blot檢測ATG14天然寡聚體–
ATG14是新冠病毒感染,抑制自噬信號通路中的關鍵蛋白,其寡聚體降低的水平反應自噬被抑制的水平。
Wes全自動定量Western blot所有結果為全膜數據,可以在單次實驗中,同時檢測蛋白單體及其寡聚體,並定量變化。
Fig.2: SARS-CoV-2 hijacks autophagy signaling on multiple regulatory levels. VeroFM cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 319 (MOI = 0.0005) and harvested at 8 h, 24 h, or 48 h post infection (h p.i.). Protein levels and phosphorylation status of selected autophagy-relevant proteins were determined by Western blotting. For analysis of ATG14 oligomers (bottom panel, left) cells were incubated with a chemical crosslinker (DSS) 2 h prior to cell harvest (for detailed protocol see methods section). Cell extracts were separated and immunoblotted using Wes (ProteinSimple) capillary electrophoresis. Error bars in all panels denote standard error of mean derived from n = 3 biologically independent experiments. Tp < 0.1, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA; Bonferroni correction (post hoc)).