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自從2002年 Bemster[1]論述以來, 越來越多的證據支持肌醇在人類生殖中特別是在卵子發生中的生理和治療作用。肌醇(MYO)是環已六醇中 9種立體異構體的一種,屬於維生素B族。MYO在細胞形態發生和生成、脂質合成、細胞膜的結構以及細胞生長方面起著極其重要的作用。其他研究表明[2],MYO在兔胚胎中由磷酸肌醇和肌醇磷酸鹽構成, 並且能加強牛囊胚在體外的發育。這些研究結果都表明 MYO是一種磷酸肌醇合成前體。這構成了磷酸肌醇(PtdIns)信號轉導系統,這個系統涉及多種細胞功能包括細胞增殖。成人每天以不同的生化形式消耗1g肌醇。遊離肌醇依靠鈉和能量通過腸壁主動轉運,這個過程能被葡萄糖所抑制。肌肉通過鈉依賴肌醇協同轉運蛋白的細胞膜吸收循環遊離肌醇。
在經過肌醇磷酸鈣第二信使系統和分子的研究後, 近代進一步又研究了直接或間接由脂類控制大量細胞的過程[3]。長期的證據表明, 該信號傳導系統涉及磷脂酰肌醇4,5-二磷酸鹽依賴受體的水解作用形成第二信使—肌醇1,4,5-三羥甲基氨基甲烷磷酸鹽(InsP3)和二酰甘油(DAG)。InsP3擴散細胞質及內質網表面的 InsP3R,在內質網表面它能觸發細胞內鈣離子的釋放,而DAG激活蛋白激酶C(糖激化終末產物), 這通過多種細胞的蛋白質磷酸化而改變了細胞功能。這些細胞信號傳導通路調節多種細胞的過程,包括配子、受精、細胞增殖及發育、分泌、收縮和神經活動。
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作者：趙寧寧 吳效科 侯麗輝
來源：世界中西醫結合雜誌
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